Wednesday, December 15, 2010

Reactive Attachment Disorder

Abusive and defiant behavior is a common condition for a growing child. That condition is scientifically known as Reactive attachment disorder, it is a serious mental illness, which in fact leads to less emotional bond with parents and other guardians. Although most people may seem to be a temporary disorder, the disease increases with passing time. If your child suffers from severe colic disorder, is unable to gain weight, is replaced by the company or is difficult to confront, then he is obviously a victim of reactive attachment disorder.

Attachment disorders are not sudden or immediate. The problem is nourished months and may last an explosive result. The root of each child's behavioral problems began the day when the child is neglected or ignored feels.

The lack of proper attachment form with the parents or caregivers from Bad previous experience, such as abuse or abrupt separation from parents in developing countries years ago. The age between 6 months to 3 years is a critical development period for a child. Therefore has a cumbersome structure of relations in this age of the child's emotional balance.

Tuesday, November 16, 2010

Attachment disorder indicates a child’s poor psychological growth

Arising out of the children’s inability to establish intimate bonds with closed ones, an attachment disorder acts as an impediment to their psychological growth. Infancy is such a phase in a child’s life when he requires utmost parental care and attention. Nevertheless, some parents or care givers lack basic parenting skills and therefore, are incapable of sufficiently nurturing their children’s emotional and physical needs. Consequently, their children develop a feeling of detachment and avoid coming in close contact with anyone. Such symptoms are the indicators of an attachment disorder, which takes its complete shape when they reach the age of four or five.


Apart from this, an attachment disorder may also take place when a child has to face separation from his first or primary care giver. He is shifted in the hands of another care giver and it brings extreme sadness him. As a result, he is unable to form that same intimacy with him. He grows with an affected mentalistic pattern and is often found listless. He is not fond of playing interesting child games and does not like to socialize with people. Such a severe behavior disorder may also give rise to an aggressive attitude in him, thereby making him an out of control child. It is, therefore, recommended that parents must consult a psychologist at the earliest when their children exhibit such undesirable qualities.

Friday, October 22, 2010

An attachment disorder restricts a child’s mental development

RAD Consultancy, an established organization dealing with various major child behavior problems, has come with its unrivalled approach to mend the attitude of your affected child. It is definite that children behave differently during their period of growth wherein they may also acquire a strange attitude. Sometimes, this phenomenon shares a deep connection with their kind of upbringing when they were infants. Here comes into picture the concept of attachment, which sheds light on an attachment disorder incurred by a child. During infancy, a child is in need of extreme care as well as affection and therefore, his parents or care giver is required to nurture him in the apposite way. Failing to do which, they may have to face severe consequences when the child becomes mature and is engulfed by an attachment disorder. When parents or care giver lacks the essential parenting skills, they are incapable of fulfilling the child’s necessary physical and emotional needs. They tend to ignore such needs and therefore, the child weaves a feeling of detachment as he is not mature enough to comprehend the ongoing circumstances.

On the other hand, one possible reason for an attachment disorder can also be the separation of the child from his primary care giver. Thereafter, he could not form that same relation with his new care giver and started remaining sad. So, in such cases, children become the victims of an attachment disorder, one of the serious child behavior problems. They cannot establish bonds with their family members or relatives as they have the fear of getting separated from them. They do not even show any interest or enthusiasm in playing interactive child games. This behavior disorder keeps growing with their age and moreover, becomes a serious matter of concern when they attain the age of five to six years. Such children are under-achievers and the victims of a distorted mental pattern. So, whenever parents discover it in their children, they must contact a psychologist at the earliest.

Also known as reactive attachment disorder, an attachment disorder may become the cause of oppositional defiant disorder, which is again harmful for a child’s mental progress. A child who has detached himself from family members or others and has been remaining aloof is likely to become defiant and divert from the path of discipline. He usually disrespects and arguments with parents or teachers. Furthermore, he goes against rules or regulations made at home, school or any other place. He tends to dominate or overshadow people around him and is wishful of his decision to be followed by all. Obsessed with the feeling of negativity, he even rejects the pampering or comforting gestures shown towards him by anyone. Therefore, oppositional defiance poses a great threat to his mentalistic pattern wherein he may end up ruining his personal, social, and school life.

Whether it is an attachment disorder or oppositional defiant disorder, RAD Consultancy has suitably cured defiant children. Our approach is completely matchless and we do not ever conduct long counseling sessions. We exhort the mother of her out of control child to play an instrumental role in his change. She is regularly mentored by one of our proficient experts and if those instructions are applied, the child may show an improvement after some weeks. However, he can enter the stage of complete transformation within few months. So, if your child is detached from you and acts with defiance, contact RAD consultancy.

Tuesday, October 12, 2010

RAD Consultancy offers an impactful ODD Treatment

Children suffering from oppositional defiant disorder must undergo an ODD treatment at the earliest. Oppositional defiance poses a major threat to the mental abilities of children wherein they become hostile, arrogant, dominant, stubborn etc. No doubt, they may exhibit an undesirable behavior when upset, tired, or hungry. However, if you find that this psychological pattern in your child has been consistent for a long time, you definitely need to consult a psychiatrist. Having handled major cases of child behavior problems, RAD Consultancy has developed an effective ODD treatment, which can bring a quick change in the attitudinal pattern of defiant children. We have an experienced team of professionals engaged in supervising the parents of defiant children.

While offering an ODD treatment, we, at RAD Consultancy, do not believe in conducting time-consuming sessions of one-on-one counseling. Instead, we emphasize mending the child’s behavior by using a unique methodology i.e. training his mother to act as his agent of change. A particular expert, handling the case, holds a telephonic conversation with the mother on a regular basis in which she is made conversant with this behavior disorder. Thereafter, she is advised to suitably deal with the attitude of her child and such an effective technique brings an improvement within few weeks. If practiced sincerely, such an ODD treatment is capable of bringing a complete changeover within few months.

At RAD Consultancy, experts undergo regular training sessions wherein they are apprised of the latest techniques and tackle cases of child behavior problems in a better way. In this way, they are able to guide parents with enhanced counseling. Apart from ODD treatment, we also treat Conduct Disorder (CD), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Bipolar Disorder (BPD) and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) or depression in children.

While opting for an ODD treatment for your child, you must try to comprehend the cause of this behavior disorder. Though the absolute reason behind the occurrence of oppositional defiant disorder has not been found, it may be related to another problem i.e. reactive attachment disorder. Either your child could not receive adequate attention or he had to face separation from his primary care giver, during his infancy. Such circumstances hamper the mental growth of a child wherein he cannot develop relationships with parents or other people. He prefers to remain alone and avoids socializing with people when he grows. The attachment disorder may give birth to oppositional defiance in his attitude and restrict his growth. On the other hand, sometimes, the home system can also influence the mental pattern of a child. If parents often criticize their children and do not show affection towards them, they may turn defiant. Likewise, if parents are extremely lenient, children may take advantage and become stubborn. Altogether, parents must appropriately manage the attitude of their children and appreciate if they make any good effort. It would ultimately foster their overall progress and development.

Monday, September 27, 2010

Behavior disorder impacts a child’s long-term growth

Behavior Disorder in a child depicts his pattern of psychology and cognition. Reflecting negative traits, it turns him hostile, aggressive, and rude. Taking place during his infancy, Reactive attachment disorder (RAD) and Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) are two of the major child behavior problems, which restrict his healthy growth and development in long-term. An attachment disorder occurs due to the negligence shown by parents towards their children. Infancy is that period in a child’s life when he needs maximum care and attention. It is the feeling of attachment that develops a precious bond between him and his parents or care giver. And when this bond is broken due to the ignorant behavior shown by parents, the child is not mature enough to tolerate the situation and therefore, his mental status gets affected. Ultimately, he is engulfed by this behavior disorder. Such parents must learn basic parenting skills, failing to do which; they may face the aggressive attitude of their child in future.

Another major reason of this behavior disorder could be the separation of the child from his primary care giver. He develops a strong bond with the person who has been nurturing him right from his birth. Suddenly, if he has to separate from him and shift to the secondary care giver, it worsens the circumstances for him. He cannot compromise with this change and misses that old warmth and affection. As a result, he acquires a feeling of detachment and does not respond to pampering gestures shown by anyone. Such a behavior disorder keeps maturing with his growing age and finally, it takes the shape of a reactive attachment disorder. Such a child falls under the category of defiant children who avoid socializing with people and exhibit an indecent behavior.

At some point or the other, this behavior disorder is related to oppositional defiance wherein a child incurs undesirable symptoms like dominance, impoliteness, resentment, short-temperedness, stubbornness, deliberately irritating people, and going against rules or regulations. Usually, children tend to exhibit oppositional defiance when they are tired, hungry, stressed or upset. Besides, arguing with parents or senior authorities like teachers and disobeying them is one of the common habits among defiant children. If such a condition continues for a long time and you notice that the attitude of your out of control child is different from children of his age, it is the time to consult a psychologist otherwise this behavior disorder may mar his mental growth.

Comprising a group of well-experienced experts, RAD Consultancy is an accomplished name in the field of child behavior problems. Whether it is any kind of behavior disorder, the consultancy has vast experience of handling major cases. We bring to you a host of modern remedies for RAD treatment as well as ODD treatment. Our methods do not demand conducting long sessions between our experts and your out of control child. In fact, we guide the mother through a telephonic conversation every week to work on her child’s improvement. Within few weeks, some change in his attitude can be noticed while a complete transformation is possible within few months. RAD Consultancy also offers solutions for other child behavior problems like Conduct Disorder (CD), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Bipolar Disorder (BPD) and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) or depression and visit our site www.radconsultancy.com

Saturday, August 7, 2010

Reactive Attachment Disorder hampers a child’s mental progress




Reactive attachment disorder (RAD) symbolizes a severe psychological syndrome that starts developing in a child during his age of infancy. Basically, this behavior disorder pertains to the concept of attachment, which is deeply shared by a child with his mother or the care giver. During this most innocent stage of life, he has a craving for love and affection, which can only be given by the person who has been nurturing him right from the very beginning. If the child is not given that required attention and his care giver neglects his physical and emotional needs, he incurs Reactive attachment disorder as he is not mature enough to stand such unfavorable circumstances. This behavior disorder ruins the relationship between the child and his care giver. Moreover, he develops a sense of detachment and avoids coming in close contact with anyone.

The other important cause of Reactive attachment disorder can be the separation of the child from his primary care giver. If he is moved from his first care giver, who has been with him right from his day of birth, he is likely to feel detached from others. Being shifted in the hands of secondary care giver, he lacks that same affection and comfort. Once a child develops a trustworthy relationship with the first care giver, he feels safe and secure and is confident of freely exploring the world around him. Subsequently, his shifting to another person influences his mental pattern, thereby detaching him from others. An attachment disorder keeps maturing with his growing age and takes its complete shape when he reaches the age between five and six.

Children suffering from Reactive attachment disorder weave a psychological defence mechanism within their mind that serves as a barrier. Engulfed by the fear of separation or the break-up of bond, they start keeping a control over the relationships they make with people in order to avoid any sort of disappointment. Such children prefer staying alone and are not inclined to any kind of interaction or socialization with people. However, they closely observe strangers and may try to come in contact with them to gain comfort. Some of the other important symptoms of Reactive attachment disorder include sad and listless, unable to express joy, uninterested in playing games, not to play with toys, completely quiet when alone, avoiding comforting or pampering gestures, aggression, unable to ask for help, poor eye contact particularly when lying, and lack of empathy towards others.

Reactive attachment disorder can also lead to another big child behavior problem, i.e., Oppositional defiant disorder, whereby a child falls under the category of defiant children. With the lack of etiquettes and courtesy, he disrespects and disobeys his parents or senior authorities like teachers. Such an out of control child goes against the rules and regulations at home or school. So, parents can play a pivotal role in maintaining the good attitudinal pattern of their children by avoiding the occurrence of Reactive attachment disorder. RAD Consultancy offers modern RAD treatment to cure the behavior of defiant children. Besides, the consultancy also has unique solutions for other psychological problems like Conduct Disorder (CD), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Bipolar Disorder (BPD), Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), or depression.

Oppositional Defiant Disorder ruins a child’s social and academic life




Oppositional Defiant Disorder in children indicates the recurrent pattern of disobedient, hostile, and defiant behavior towards parents, elders or senior authorities like teachers. It is quite true that children are oppositional from time to time and especially when they are extremely tired, stressed, hungry, and upset. Defiant behavior is considered usual among the children of two to three years of age as well as among early adolescents. But if the behavior of a child is found to be different from other children and it is persisting for more and more years, then he has certainly developed Oppositional defiant disorder. Such an out of control child easily loses his temper, enters into argument with adults, and refuses to adhere to rules and instructions at home or school. His incessant pattern of uncooperativeness, stubbornness, defiance, hostility, and annoyance disrupts his cognitive processes and he keeps spinning a negativistic web around him.


Oppositional defiant disorder intensifies the already chaotic and stressful family life of a child. Filled with the feeling of resentment and vindictiveness, he always exhibits a rude behavior and utters bad words. Such defiant children are the victims of their own predispositions, which disable them to go against the defined regulations. Their unpredictable and impulsive attitude really annoys people around them. They don’t have the sense of responsibility as well as accountability. In fact, they tend to blame others even for their own mistakes. These children feel pleasure in deliberately irritating other people. Resultantly, they lack the efficiency to establish and sustain bonds or relationships.


The occurrence of Oppositional defiant disorder is somewhere related to the kind of structure existing at the home of a child. If the structure is tight, parents remain extremely vigilant and control each and every activity of their children, which may be disliked by them and they become defiant. On the other hand, when the structure is loose, parents give freedom to their children and maintain leniency. They don’t interfere much in their children’s activities. Children may misuse this opportunity and cultivate oppositional defiance in their nature. Apart from this factor, Oppositional defiant disorder is also linked with another big child behavior problem, i.e., Reactive attachment disorder, whereby a child is not nurtured with the adequate care and attention during his infancy. Ultimately, he starts detaching himself from his care giver and avoids making trustworthy bonds with anyone. During the course of his development, this attachment disorder also grows and he may acquire the undesirable traits of defiant children.


Parents find it difficult to deal with their defiant children. However, it is very important to opt for a suitable treatment after recognizing the symptoms of Oppositional defiant disorder. Failing to do which, parents my have to face severe consequences. RAD Consultancy is a modern organization whose experienced counselors offer effective ODD treatment. The methodologies don’t require long counseling sessions but a quick method is offered to cure the behavior of an out of control child.

Friday, August 6, 2010

RAD Treatment helps child form trustworthy bonds




RAD Treatment enables a child to get rid of the sense of detachment and changes his perception towards his family members and other people around. Psychologists suggest parents to opt for a RAD treatment for their child when he fails to establish relationships and interact with his family members, relatives or friends. This is the case of a Reactive attachment disorder. A child may suffer from such a severe behavior disorder because he did not receive the sufficient care and attention from his parents during the period of infancy. Sometimes, parents or care givers lack effective parenting skills. Therefore, when his essential physical and emotional requirements are continuously ignored, he is not mature enough to stand the circumstances. As a result, he weaves a feeling of detachment.

Posing a major threat to the cognitive growth and development of a child, Reactive attachment disorder takes its complete shape when he attains the age between five and six. Hence, a modern RAD treatment is immediately required when the problem persists for a long time. Engaged in the field of psychological counseling, RAD Consultancy brings together a group of professional counselors who devise a unique RAD treatment. Not only this, the consultancy also offers solutions for other significant child behavior problems like Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), Conduct Disorder (CD), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Bipolar Disorder (BPD) and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) or depression.

Another major cause of Reactive attachment disorder can be the separation of the child from his primary care giver. The child develops a trustable bond with the person who has been taking his care from the very beginning. Under this intimate relationship, he feels secure and safe and can explore the world without any hassle. Unfortunately, if he is shifted in the hands of another care giver; he cannot make that same bond with him. He misses that old affection and warmth which ultimately renders him incapable of indulging in any kind of association. Therefore, it is essential for him to undergo a RAD treatment and get rid of this psychological syndrome.

A child suffering from an attachment disorder often remains sad and withdrawn. He cannot express joy and can never ask for any kind of assistance. He is uninterested in playing games or playing with toys. He avoids the person who tries to pamper him or provide him comfort. Not taking part in any social interaction, he prefers staying alone. It is found that such children are more likely to incur an Oppositional defiant disorder as well. When they reach the stage of early adolescence, they showcase an aggressive behavior and misbehave with people. They disobey parents, elders or teachers and oftentimes argue with them. With a negative approach towards family, friends or society, they cannot sustain relationships. Like RAD treatment, a special ODD treatment is recommended for them.

ODD Treatment regulates a child’s mental pattern




ODD Treatment is strongly recommended by psychologists for children suffering from Oppositional defiant disorder. Parents have to face difficulty while interacting with their defiant children. This severe behavior disorder deeply influences the thought and attitudinal pattern of a child who may have to deal with several constraints in his family, social, and academic life. ODD treatment paves his way in transforming his perception as well as outlook towards his family, friends or society. A group of highly experienced counselors at RAD Consultancy is engaged in designing an effective ODD treatment. Instead of conducting long counseling sessions, mothers of defiant children are instructed and trained over a telephonic conversation each and every week to tackle their behavior disorder. This easy methodology ensures a quick change in their behavior.


ODD treatment may also vary depending upon the kind of traits possessed by an out of control child. Usually, children suffering from oppositional defiance easily lose their temper and are always ready to enter into argument with their parents, elders or senior authorities like teachers. They fail to accept requests made by adults and are driven by the tendency to go against rules, regulations or instructions at home, school or any other place. They have an intention to blame others or hold them responsible even for their own mistakes or misconduct. They deliberately irritate others and act with dominance so as to highlight their own superiority. Filled with the feeling of resentment, defiant children are always ready to take revenge. Throwing tantrums is their most common habit. It is true that children oftentimes behave rudely, argue with parents and become stubborn. But if such symptoms continue to exist for a long period of time and the nature of that child is different from other children of his age, undoubtedly he is under the grip of Oppositional defiant disorder and a suitable ODD treatment is required to cure him.


At some point or the other, this defiant attitude of children is also affected by the kind of structure at their home. If the structure is very tight, parents keep an eye over each and every activity of their children throughout the day. They remain extremely watchful which actually annoys their children and they incur oppositional defiance. On the other hand, when the structure at home is loose, parents do not closely observe the activities of their children. They give them complete freedom and do not interfere much into their work. Making the misuse of such an opportunity, children become defiant in nature. In both cases, a child is engulfed by unfavorable qualities and it becomes essential for him to go for an ODD treatment.


Children may also act with defiance if they were not properly nurtured during their infancy. Their necessary needs may have been neglected by their parents or care giver and they detached themselves from everyone around. Apart from offering a modern ODD treatment, RAD Consultancy also caters to other important child behavior problems like Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD), Conduct Disorder (CD), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Bipolar Disorder (BPD) and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) or depression.

Children suffering from an attachment disorder avoid socializing with people




Attachment disorder is one of the major child behavior problems, which create a stressful situation for parents. They find that their children often keep crying and avoid coming in close contact with anyone. Even after getting mature, they are not much in communication with closed ones and do not make friends. Furthermore, they are an underachiever and unable to concentrate on studies. Also known by the name Reactive attachment disorder, an attachment disorder takes place only if the child had to go through a difficult phase during his infancy. This is a severe mistake on the part of his parents who could not fulfill his essential requirements because they did not possess the basic parenting skills. Deprived of adequate care and attention, children are not mature enough to stand such unfavorable circumstances and therefore, they become the victims of such a behavior disorder.

Another major cause of an attachment disorder could also be related to the separation of the child from his primary care giver. A child feels safe and secure in the hands of that person who has been nurturing him right from his birth. Therefore, he is able to explore the world freely. Unfortunately, if he is moved in the hands of another care giver, he misses that friendly atmosphere and cannot develop an intimate relationship with him. At this point of time, he starts weaving a barrier of detachment that restricts his cognitive growth and development. The disorder keeps growing with his maturing age and takes its full shape when he attains the age between five and six years. Consequently, he is fearful of losing relationships and hence, avoids indulging in them. Surrounded by loneliness, such a child is not fond of socializing or interacting with people. Moreover, he is not inclined to playing interesting child games.


Psychologists believe that children suffering from an attachment disorder are more likely to acquire oppositional defiant disorder whereby they start exhibiting anti-social behavior. Such defiant children acquire traits like argumentativeness, stubbornness, vengefulness, non-compliance, and dominance. Their mind is filled with intense anger and they seldom obey or show respect to their parents or senior authorities like teachers. They are perfect at manipulation and never hold themselves responsible or answerable for anything. They blame others even for their own mistakes. Going against rules and instructions, they want things to go in their own way. They dislike comforting gestures shown by a person who tries to pamper them. Such a critical situation puts their psychological growth at risk, thereby affecting their personal, academic and social life.


Presenting a dedicated group of experienced counselors, RAD Consultancy brings to you unique treatments for an attachment disorder. The organization has efficiently handled children with harmful behavior disorders not by holding long and one-on-one sessions but by utilizing a fast and simple technique. Apart from this, RAD Consultancy also deals with other major child behavior problems like Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), Conduct Disorder (CD), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Bipolar Disorder (BPD), Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) or depression.

Child Behaviour Problems create discomfort for parents




Most of the kids are entrapped by the major child behavior problems like Reactive attachment disorder and Oppositional defiant disorder, which are considered to be dangerous for their growth and development. Such disorders take birth when a child is an infant. During this period, he is not mature enough to understand the ongoing circumstances, which may be unfavorable for him. His parents may not nurture him with the sufficient care and attention, which are his primary needs. Due to the lack of basic parenting skills, some parents are negligent towards the needs of their infants. As a result, the child develops a sense of detachment and this feeling grows as soon as he develops physically and mentally. The problem matures and takes the form of Reactive attachment disorder whereby he cannot develop bonds with his family members or friends. The child is unable to trust anyone and therefore, he prefers living in isolation.

Such child behavior problems may also occur due to the separation of the child from his first care giver. He may have been shifted in the hands of secondary care giver and could not make that intimate bond with him. So, an attachment disorder makes a child full of apprehensions that he may lose his closed ones. That is why he does not make friends and avoids socializing with anyone. This disorder mars his psychological pattern and is proved to be harmful for his personal, family, and academic life. Such children are often found crying and they remain upset. Sometimes, they may try to come in contact with strangers to seek comfort and pleasure.

RAD Consultancy offers modern treatments for child behavior problems and helps you deal with your child’s undesirable attitude. Sometimes, these children may also acquire negativistic qualities and start throwing tantrums. This is the stage when they suffer from emotional turbulence and become extremely stubborn, aggressive, and dominant. Such symptoms reveal that they have been victimized by Oppositional defiant disorder. Defiant children are disobedient or disrespectful towards their parents and senior authorities like teachers. They cultivate an anti-social behavior within their attitudinal pattern, which becomes entirely different from that of a normal child. Constantly arguing with adults, non-compliance with rules, feeling of resentment, using bad words, and lack of accountability are common in their nature. Even when someone tries to pamper or provide them comfort, they misbehave with the person and hate those consoling gestures.

RAD Consultancy has designed a suitable remedy for these child behavior problems also. Our ODD treatments are quite speedy as we don’t conduct face-to-face interactions. Instead, we train and guide the mother of an out of control child over telephone every week. She acts as his agent of change and a slight improvement is possible in his behavior within few weeks. Moreover, a complete transformation can be seen within few months. RAD Consultancy also offers solutions for other child behavior problems like Conduct Disorder (CD), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Bipolar Disorder (BPD) and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) or depression.

Sunday, July 18, 2010

The RAD Consultancy, LLC

The RAD Consultancy, LLC is a premier provider of proprietary solutions to socializing children of all ages who suffer from Reactive attachment disorder (RAD) and other behavioral disorders. RAD Consultancy offers a unique approach to treat Reactive Attachment Disorder(RAD), Conduct Disorder (CD), Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Bipolar Disorder (BPD), Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) or depression.